Norway+Denmark+Sweden

Here is where you write a 150 word summary of the relationship between Norway, Denmark and Sweden from 1380-1814 - be strict with the word limit!

Start by researching the answers to the following questions:
 * Why did Norway join with Denmark in 1380?
 * What was the Kalmar Union of 1396? (Start, end, how it worked)
 * What happened to Norway during the union with Denmark 1537-1814?
 * Why did the union with Denmark end in 1814?

__**John Christian**__ The period from year 1380 to 1814 was a turbulent time for Norway. When the Norwegian King Haakon VI, married to the Danish princess Margaret died, his son, Olaf V, inherited both the Norwegian and Danish throne, and for the next 400 years, up until 1814, when the Norwegian constitution was written, Norway was under Danish rule. This period is also referred to as the 400 year night. From 1388 until 1521, all the Scandinavian countries were part of the Kalmar Union, which was under control of Queen Margarethe I of Denmark until her death in 1412. Sweden broke out of the Kalmar Union in 1521; however, Norway remained under Danish control for more than 420 years, losing its social and economic connection with the rest of Europe. When Denmark-Norway took Napoleon’s side in the Napoleonic wars in 1812, and ultimately being on the losing side, it was forced, under the terms of the Treaty of Kiel, to give Norway to Sweden. However, in 1814 Norway founded its own constitution, the most radical in the world at the time, and established itself as an independent country.

1380: Denmark took over Norway as a result of Norway not being able to reign over itself, which again was a result of the Black Death, which killed about half of Norways population. 1396: The Kalmar Union was formed, which united Norway with Denmark and Sweden. 1537: Norway was weakened by the seperation of the independent church; Norway became a secondary to Denmark. 1596-1720: This was a time of war. Starting with the Kalmar War (1611-1613) it quickly moved on to the long lasting Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), followed by the Northern War (1655-1658), then the Gyldenløve War (1675-1679) and ending with the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Norway lost a lot of places during these wars, including Bohulsen, Jemtland and Herjedalen. 1721-1770: In 1814, Denmark-Norway (as the union was called) was defeated in the Napoleon Wars to Sweden. Because of this, Norway was given away to Sweden.
 * Axel**

**__Jessica Falck:__** Norway joined Denmark in 1380 when Queen Margaret was the ruler. She was the daughter of The danish king Valdemar IV. Later, nine years later (1389) Queen Margaret became ruler of sweden. The Kalmar Union united the four scandinavian countries, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland as well as Iceland and Greenland, in 1396-1523. During this time Norway's power decreased. The Kalmar union consisted of men from each country sitting in a council and making decisions about how the union should work. The union ended in 1523 when Sweden decided to withdraw. Norway became weaker and lost most of its landscape to Denmark including Jemtland, Bohulsen and Herjedalen.The union ended because Denmark-Norway lost the Napoleon Wars to Sweden, and as a reward for Sweden, Denmark had to give away some of their countries, and they decided to give away Norway cause they thought it was a weak country.


 * __Katja__= Five years after the plague, King Magnus Eriksson's son Håkon 6. Magnusson became king of Norway. King Håkon married a danish princess called Magrete. Her father King Valdemar Atterdag had a dream that Norway, Denmark and Sweden should have the same King. When King Valdemar died, MArgrete's son Olav became King of Denmark. When Olav was ten years old his father King Håkon died and King Olav became King of both Denmark and Norway. He died 17, and Margrete became "Queen"(she wasn't really a Queen, but she ruled the countries) of Denmark and Norway. Eventually she also gained control over Sweden. In 1389 she had gained control over 3 countries she had no real right to rule. When Napoleon lost the war, Norway went to Sweden again. The 17 May 1814 Norway got it's own constitution. The 7 June 1905 Stortinget had to chose if Norway should stay in the union with Sweden or not. King Oskar of Sweden did eventually relent and let Norway go out of the union, on the condition that they demolish several fortresses that they had built by the border of Sweden. **

Ahmad Norway and Dennmark became into a union because these country had only one queen. Here name was Margrete. She were Norwegian queen in Norway and daughter of a Danish king named Valdemar. She were married with Norwegian King Håkon VI. So she bassicly were princess in Dennmark and Queen in Norway. When Håkon VI died, Olav took over the power. Olav was son to Margrete and when Håkon VI died and the other king in Dennmark died. Olav became king of Norway and Dannmark. He were young and his age was low for thinking. Margrete were controlling everything for Olav, who died. So she made Norway and Dennmark into a union because she were mother of the low aged king of those two countries. The Kalmar union started in 1397. The union was Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Island, Greenland and Finland(Sweden had Finland) the deal was every country had some people in a council taking decisions what would happen to the union. The union ruined down because Sweden left Kalmar union in 1523. 1537 Norway got union with Denmark again and this time. IT was no council etc. Dennmark had full controll over Norway. Denmark union ended in 1814. The union got really hard owned by Napoleon and Napoleon gave Norway to Sweden, but this time Norway had more independence. They had independence status, whatever they were with Sweden because they got their own law, language

The Kalmar Union- Maren :
====Queen Margaret was the daughter of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. She married King Haakon VI of Norway and Sweden. When queen Margaret had a son Olav, he became king of Denmark, and later when the Norway's king died, Olav inherited that crown too. Unfortunately, Olav died. But Margaret still assumed the control (as regent) over Denmark. She later adopted her sisters grandson and made king of Norway even though he not first in line, of course Margaret was his regent. With 'contacts' Margaret had made in Sweden she managed to overthrow the Swedish king, Albert of Mecklenburg.==== ====On June 17, 1397 the Kalmar Union was formed. Sweden was unhappy, so in 1523 they broke out, ending the union. During the Kalmar Union, Norway lost Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands to Denmark. To get out of the union with Denmark, Norway had to agree in forming a new union with Sweden.====

Anna: Norways became united with Denmark in 1380 because Norwegian king and the princess of Denmark, Margaret were married. Then the king died and his only son, Olav took over the throne, he then automatically became Danish king. Later on, when Olav died, Margaret became the Queen of Norway and Denmark. She made the Kalmar union, and united Denmark, Norway and Sweden (So she united Scandinavia, except Finland) under one ruler. Which was herself. This was in 1397. It ended in 1523 with Sweden stepping out if the union. In 1537 there was a new union with Norway and Denmark, just that Denmark had the control over both countries. In 1814 Norway made itself independent after Denmark - Norway lost in the Napoleonic war. They then crowned Prince Christian F. as their new king, wrote own rules and made 17. of May to their National day. It's a important day for Norway. 1380: Denmark took over Norway as a result of Norway not being able to reign over itself, which again was a result of the Black Death, which killed about half of Norways population. 1396: The Kalmar Union was formed, which united Norway with Denmark and Sweden. 1537: Norway was weakened by the seperation of the independent church; Norway became a secondary to Denmark. 1596-1720: This was a time of war. Starting with the Kalmar War (1611-1613) it quickly moved on to the long lasting Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), followed by the Northern War (1655-1658), then the Gyldenløve War (1675-1679) and ending with the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Norway lost a lot of places during these wars, including Bohulsen, Jemtland and Herjedalen. 1721-1770: In 1814, Denmark-Norway (as the union was called) was defeated in the Napoleon Wars to Sweden. Because of this, Norway was given away to Sweden. Kevin 1380: Denmark took over Norway as a result of Norway not being able to reign over itself, which again was a result of the Black Death, which killed about half of Norways population(including those who could spread out the norwegian language) 1396: The Kalmar Union was formed, which united Norway with Denmark and Sweden. 1537: Norway was weakened by the seperation of the independent church; Norway became a secondary to Denmark. 1596-1720: This was a time of war. Starting with the Kalmar War (1611-1613) it quickly moved on to the long lasting Thirty Years' War 1618-1648: followed by the Northern War (1655-1658), then the Gyldenløve War (1675-1679) and ending with the Great Northern War 1700-1721: Norway lost a lot of places during these wars. 1721-1770: In 1814, Denmark-Norway was defeated in the Napoleon Wars to Sweden. Because of this, Norway was given away to Sweden as an reward

__**Ghazal**__ Norways joined with Denmark in 1380 because Olav, the son of the Norwegian king Haakon IV, and the Danish princess Margaret became the kind og Denmark and Norway. Later on, when Olav died, Margaret became the Queen of Norway and Denmark. When she became Queen, she disposed Sweden's king (Albrekt) and took control over the three countries and brought them together for a union. From 1397 Denmark, Norway (Ice land and Greenland) and Sweden (Finland) were in the Kalmar union, where each of the countries had some of their men in a council, and they made desicions about how the union should be. This union ended in 1523 by Sweden going out. In 1537 Norway and Denmark joined a new union where Denmark had the right to decide over both countries and was the leader of Norway as well. The union ended in 1814, after Norway-Denmarks loss in the Napolic war. That was when Norway made themselves independent and wrote their own rules and laws for their country.


 * Håkon IV died in 1263. Thus his son got the throne. Already, he was the Danish king because Håkon was married to the daughter of the Danish king who died five years before Håkon did. Therefore Olav became King of Denmark before he got Norway. Onto The Kalmar union in 1397 which involved Norway, Denmark and Sweden and some other countries which made one huge union. Every country had some councilmen making decisions on what to do further with the union. The Kalmar union ended when Sweden had their independence in 1523. 13 years later they would make a new union with the Danes. Now, Denmark could do anything they wanted with Norway involving the union. We shook off the union when Denmark and Norway lost in the Napolic war. Thus Norway became independent during that year. Scribbling down their own laws and crowned Prince Christian F. as the king of Norway. (Leo)**

Hallvard When Håkon-IV died his only son took the throne, who already was the Danish king due to that Håkon was married with the daughter of the Danish king who died 5 years before Håkon, making Olav king of Danmark before Norway. So then Norway and Denmark were in one union. The Kalmar union started in 1397 where Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Island, Greenland and Finland became one big union. the deal was every country had some people in a council taking decisions what would happen to the union. The union ended when Swede made independence in 1523. In 1537 they reentered a union with Denmark. This time Denmark had the full say what would happen with Norway during the Union. The Union with Denmark ended in 1814 when Denmark-Norway had lost the Napolic-war, Norway made themselves independent in 1814 by writing their own law and crowning Crown-Prince Christian Frederik as king of Norway.

George Hitchman Year 10

The drastic arrival of the Black Death in Norway in 1350 brutally exterminated half of the Norwegian population and destabilized the power of Norway’s institutions. The Norwegians and the Swedes had already created a vast ‘joint government’ structure which lasted between 1319 and 1343 and just slightly after the Black Death; Norway soon entered a political union with Denmark in 1380 because of the intermarriage between the families which were ruling at that time.

The alliance which was bound by a formal treaty in 1450 was intended to be one of equals but realistically, Denmark was the dominant partner and so in 1536, Norway became obedient to the Danish crown.

Therefore, when the 17th centaury rivalry of the two Scandinavian countries Denmark and Sweden broke out into warfare, the defeated Danes handed over parts of Norwegian territory over to Sweden.

Finally, the tie between Norway and Denmark was severed in 1815 at the very end of the Napoleonic war.

Norway joined together with Denmark in 1380 because Olav, son of Norwegian king Haakon IV and Danish princess Margaret became the king of Norway and Denmark (he had the claim to both thrones). Then, Olav died, making Margaret the Queen of Norway and Denmark. She disposed the king of Sweden, Albrekt, and with her control over the three countries, she brought them together under a union. So from 1397 Denmark, Sweden (Finland) and Norway (Iceland and Greenland) was in the Kalmar union, where each country had some men in a council that made decisions about how the union would go. This union ended in 1523 when Sweden went out of the union. Norway and Denmark entered a new union from 1537 where Denmark had the power to decide over both countries and was superior over Norway. This union ended in 1814 after Norway-Denmark lost the Napolic war and Norway made themselves independent and wrote their own constitution (but Norway joined Sweden in a union after that.)
 * Marie**

Bruno The union of Kalmar The union of Kalmar was between Norway, Sweden and Denmark. It was established in the town of Kalmar at the south east coast of Sweden, henceforth the name Kalm​ar Undone. One of the reasons for the union was that all the countries had been severely weakened after the black plague. The monarch of the country would be chosen of the sons of the deceased king. Sometime later in the Union the Swedes began to get annoyed with the Danes’ frequent wars against the countries which the Swedes were selling iron, this disturbed their export. The union was finally broken up in 1536 when the Danes’ declared Norway and Danish province without consulting the Norwegians. This lead to the Union of Norway and Denmark, which finished the union of Kalmar.  In 1363, Margaret, the Danish king's daughter, married King Håkon VI of Norway and Sweden. When Margaret gave birth to her son, Oluf, she had him recognised as heir to the Danish throne, and later he became heir of Norway when the king died. However, Oluf died at the age of seventeen, and so Margaret assumed control over Denmark. Eventually she also overthrew the Swedish king, and so she controlled Norway, Denmark //and// Sweden.
 * __Julie:__**

The Kalmar Union, formed on the 17th June 1397, was a treaty which would unite the three kingdoms under one king. However, in 1523 Sweden decided to leave the treaty, ending it. Norway lost Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands to Denmark, and in 1537 a treaty between them was formed where Denmark assumed control of Norway. The union ended in 1814 when Norway decided to become an independent country after losing the Napoleonic war.


 * // Patrick: //**

In the late 14th century, Denmark, Norway and Sweden were united under one monarch in what became known as the Kalmar Union. In 1363 the 10-year-old Danish princess, Margrete, is married to Håkon VI, the 23-year-old king of Norway, uniting Norway and Denmark. Their son Olaf becomes king when Margrete’s husband and father die but until he could take control of the throne his mother ruled the country for him. He died at the age of 17, before he could take control of the crown, but his mother had already built up competence in herself amongst the people so they let her be queen. When Sweden asks for her help to get rid of their king, she says that she will only help them if she is appointed queen of Sweden. This is how all 3 countries were brought together under one ruler.

After her death, Margrete’s grand-nephew, the king, failed to keep the union together. Sweden becomes a free country, Norway on the other hand is still under Denmark’s control, but in 1814 Denmark had to give Norway away to Sweden because they lost the war, being on the same side as Napoleon. Sweden invaded Denmark and forced it to give away Norway.

**Isabella:**
Margaret, the daughter of King Valdemar IV of Denmark, reigned over Norway and Denmark, and was later on offered to reign over Sweden as well. She decided that her 8-year-old great-nephew Eric should become her successor, and he was crowned at Kalmar. The three countries were then united in the Kalmar Union in 1397 through 1523. The union was to make all countries follow the same laws. During this time, Norway had little power and was poor, quite so because of the devastation of the Black Death. Norwegians had little influence upon the government, and weren't allowed to create their own laws. The union ended when Sweden left the union in 1523. From 1537 to 1814 Norway was ruled by Denmark. Norway was getting stronger and had many educated men. Norway wanted its own laws. During the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark took Napoleon's side, and when he lost, Denmark had to give up Norway to Sweden.

 In 1380, Norway joined with Denmark because Haakon VI of Norway and Sweden married the Danish princess Margrete, they had, a son, Olav, who got the throne of Norway in 1380 when his father died, in 1387, Olav also died, which gave Margrete the throne of both Norway, Sweden and Denmark because of her fathers death as well, she united the three countries into what was now called the Kalmar Union. Queen Margareth died in 1412, and some years later Sweden left the Kalmar Union whilst Norway still stayed under Danish control. The Napoleon war started and Denmark now lost Norway to Sweden. On the 17th of May in 1814 at Eidsvoll many different men from all over Norway were united to write the Norwegian Constitution, and this is when Norwegians started celebrating this day, even when they were united with Sweden. In 1905 king Oskar finally let go of Norway, and we´ve been a independent country ever since.
 * Ada:**